It has been perceived that he was not merely realistic, but real that his clairvoyance was almost boundless that he saw certain phenomena more clearly than the best of observers had done. But even after the decline of the realistic school Flaubert did not lose prestige other facets of his genius caught the light. Under this aspect Flaubert exercised an extraordinary influence over Émile de Goncourt, Alphonse Daudet and Zola. At the time of his death he was famous as a realist, pure and simple. Gradually this aspect of his genius was accepted, and began to crowd out all others. The publication of Madame Bovary in 1857 had been followed by more scandal than admiration it was not understood at first that this novel was the beginning of something new, the scrupulously truthful portraiture of life.

The degree and manner in which, since his death, the fame of Flaubert has extended, form an interesting chapter of literary history.

The absolute exactitude with which he adapts his expression to his purpose is seen in all parts of his work, but particularly in the portraits he draws of the figures in his principal romances. Being, as he is, a mixture in almost equal parts of the romanticist and the realist, the marvellous propriety of his style has been helpful to later writers of both schools, of every school. He never allowed a cliché to pass him, never indulgently or wearily went on, leaving behind him a phrase which almost expressed his meaning.

Less perhaps than any other writer, not of France, but of modern Europe, Flaubert yields admission to the inexact, the abstract, the vaguely inapt expression which is the bane of ordinary methods of composition. That he was one of the greatest writers who ever lived in France is now commonly admitted, and his greatness principally depends upon the extraordinary vigour and exactitude of his style. One of the most severe of academic critics admits that in all his works, and in every page of his works, Flaubert may be considered a model of style. His private letters show that he was not one of those to whom easy and correct language is naturally given he gained his extraordinary perfection with the unceasing sweat of his brow. It cannot be said that his incessant labors were not rewarded. He worked in sullen solitude, sometimes occupying a week in the completion of one page, never satisfied with what he had composed, violently tormenting his brain for the best turn of a phrase, the most absolutely final adjective. He was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, in the Haute-Normandie Region of France.įlaubert's curious modes of composition favored and were emphasized by these peculiarities. Gustave Flaubert is counted among the greatest Western novelists.

Flaubert madame bovary